{"id":1039,"date":"2019-01-30T04:27:49","date_gmt":"2019-01-30T04:27:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/codir.net\/?p=1039"},"modified":"2019-01-30T04:27:49","modified_gmt":"2019-01-30T04:27:49","slug":"pompeos-anti-iran-tour-faces-obstacles-of-a-fractious-middle-east","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/codir.net\/?p=1039","title":{"rendered":"Pompeo\u2019s Anti-Iran Tour Faces Obstacles of a Fractious Middle East"},"content":{"rendered":"<header class=\"css-1mx7hds euiyums1\">\n<div class=\"css-30n6iy euiyums0\">\n<div class=\"css-acwcvw\">\n<div class=\"css-17xsp6v epjyd6m0\">\n<div class=\"css-1baulvz\">\n<p class=\"css-16vrk19 e1jsehar1\">By\u00a0<a class=\"css-1riqqik e1jsehar0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/edward-wong\"><span class=\"css-1baulvz\">Edward Wong<\/span><\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<span class=\"css-1baulvz\"><a class=\"css-1riqqik e1jsehar0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/ben-hubbard\">Ben Hubbard<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"css-16vrk19 e1jsehar1\">RIYADH, Saudi Arabia \u2014 In a barnstorming tour that took him to eight countries in one week, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo burned with one central message: \u201cThe need to counter the greatest threat of all in the Middle East, the Iranian regime and its campaigns of terrorism and destruction,\u201d as he put it in Cairo on Thursday.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/header>\n<section class=\"css-1i2y565\">\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-4w7y5l\">\n<p class=\"css-1ygdjhk evys1bk0\">Jetting from capital to capital, meeting with kings, princes and presidents, his goal was to get Arab countries to work together to roll back Iranian influence in the region and take on the militias Iran is backing.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1ygdjhk evys1bk0\">But as the trip drew to a close on Monday, it was unclear whether he had made any notable progress on that front. The obstacles toward building such a coalition are formidable.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1ygdjhk evys1bk0\">In practice, it will be difficult for the Arab nations to work closely together on anti-Iran policies because of the complexity of relationships in the region, officials and analysts from those countries say. The Iranian-backed militias Mr. Pompeo wants to rein in vary widely and would resist a one-size-fits all solution: Hezbollah is a\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/05\/07\/world\/middleeast\/lebanon-election-hezbollah.html?module=inline\">major force in the government of Lebanon<\/a>, the groups in Syria work mostly apart from one another in the war zone, and those in Iraq have great influence in the oil-rich south.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-17l9gfh\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-4w7y5l\">\n<p class=\"css-1ygdjhk evys1bk0\">American officials have had difficulty coordinating their own anti-Iran policy beyond economic sanctions, which Mr. Trump\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/05\/world\/middleeast\/iran-sanctions-explained.html?module=inline\">imposed in November<\/a>\u00a0after withdrawing from a nuclear arms agreement that the Obama administration and other governments had reached with Iran.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1ygdjhk evys1bk0\">Against the wishes of all his top national security officials, Mr. Trump\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/12\/19\/us\/politics\/trump-syria-turkey-troop-withdrawal.html?module=inline\">decided last month<\/a>\u00a0to withdraw about 2,000 American troops from eastern Syria, which would cede any leverage the Americans had to limit the presence of Iranian forces and Iranian-backed militias there \u2014 precisely the goal that Mr. Pompeo was asking Arab partners to take up across the region.<\/p>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-4w7y5l\">\n<p class=\"css-1ygdjhk evys1bk0\">And Mr. Pompeo offered no explanation of how he expected other countries to do the job.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1ygdjhk evys1bk0\">When asked Monday what the United States wanted Arab nations to do to get rid of the militias, Mr. Pompeo did not give specific answers.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1ygdjhk evys1bk0\">He said Iran aimed to dominate \u201cfive capitals,\u201d a reference to the government seats of Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, Yemen and Iran itself.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1ygdjhk evys1bk0\">\u201cAnd our effort is to make sure that the Iranian people get control of their capital, and that it becomes a nation that is normal and isn\u2019t conducting terror campaigns that are unrivaled anyplace else in the world,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-o6xoe7\">\n<div class=\"css-1n4qhbn ejk1mx12\"><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-4w7y5l\">\n<p class=\"css-1ygdjhk evys1bk0\">threat.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1ygdjhk evys1bk0\">\u201cWe all have problems with Iran\u2019s expansionist policies in the region,\u201d Jordan\u2019s foreign minister, Ayman Safadi, said in a news conference with Mr. Pompeo in Amman last week. \u201cAll Arab countries, and I think the United States too, would want healthy relations based on the principle of nonintervention in the internal affairs of the other, and respecting the sovereignty of other countries.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1ygdjhk evys1bk0\">In Cairo, Mr. Pompeo said that Egypt, Oman, Kuwait and Jordan had been \u201cinstrumental in thwarting Iran\u2019s efforts to evade sanctions.\u201d And he said that Bahrain was working to combat Iran\u2019s \u201cillicit maritime activities\u201d in the region.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1ygdjhk evys1bk0\">Mr. Pompeo has not yet proposed that Arab nations outside the war zones send troops to fight the militias, though he has left open the possibility of the United States helping piece together an Arab military coalition to move into northeastern Syria as the United States withdraws.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1ygdjhk evys1bk0\">In any case, troop deployments could prove to be as ineffective as they have been in Yemen. Since 2015, Saudi Arabia, one of the world\u2019s largest spenders on military hardware,\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2018\/10\/31\/magazine\/yemen-war-saudi-arabia.html?module=inline\">has failed to oust Houthi rebels<\/a>\u00a0who are aligned with Iran from the capital of Yemen, the Arab world\u2019s poorest state. The fighting\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2018\/10\/26\/world\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-war-yemen.html?module=inline\">has resulted in the world\u2019s worst humanitarian crisis<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1ygdjhk evys1bk0\">The creation of a unified Arab coalition against Iran would require resolving many political, economic and military issues among Arab countries.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-o6xoe7\">\n<div class=\"css-we5v5d ehpkjz40\" data-testid=\"article-companion-wrapper\">\n<div id=\"newsletter-module\" class=\"css-rzld5f ehpkjz41\">\n<div class=\"css-tmqdvj ehpkjz42\">\n<div class=\"css-jj6290\">\n<section class=\"css-1i2y565\">\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-4w7y5l\">\n<p class=\"css-1ygdjhk evys1bk0\">\u201cIf you are talking about coordination in certain areas, that is already taking place, but if you want to create a military alliance, an Arab NATO, I think it\u2019s a nonstarter,\u201d said Marwan Muasher, the vice president for studies at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and a former foreign minister of Jordan. \u201cThe ingredients are not there.\u201d<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"css-1m50asq\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2019\/01\/15\/world\/15mideast2\/merlin_149015865_bb5fdd73-fec2-4841-bc53-f8d91ff9a980-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" sizes=\"((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 60vw, 100vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2019\/01\/15\/world\/15mideast2\/merlin_149015865_bb5fdd73-fec2-4841-bc53-f8d91ff9a980-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 600w,https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2019\/01\/15\/world\/15mideast2\/merlin_149015865_bb5fdd73-fec2-4841-bc53-f8d91ff9a980-jumbo.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 1024w,https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2019\/01\/15\/world\/15mideast2\/merlin_149015865_bb5fdd73-fec2-4841-bc53-f8d91ff9a980-superJumbo.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 2048w\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-79elbk ehw59r11\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"css-1a48zt4 ehw59r111\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-children\">\n<figure class=\"css-1lghxe1 e1g7ppur0\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"media\"><figcaption class=\"css-1l44abu e1xdpqjp0\"><span class=\"css-8i9d0s e13ogyst0\">American military vehicles in Syria. President Trump\u2019s plan to withdraw cedes what leverage the United States had to limit Iranian forces there.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"css-vuqh7u e1z0qqy90\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0\">Credit<\/span>Rodi Said\/Reuters<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-4w7y5l\">\n<p class=\"css-1ygdjhk evys1bk0\">He cited a number of factors: disputes between states like Saudi Arabia and Qatar, the inability to integrate Arab armies, the lack of any kind of united command structure and the fact that not all of the United States\u2019 Arab allies view Iran at the same level of threat.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1ygdjhk evys1bk0\">\u201cI also don\u2019t see a small country like Jordan, with limited resources, participating in a military alliance,\u201d Mr. Muasher said. \u201cIran is not seen in a good light among many of the countries of the region, but that is different from participating in a military alliance against it. I don\u2019t think this is an idea that will gain a lot of traction in countries other than Saudi Arabia.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1ygdjhk evys1bk0\">Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates are leading the anti-Iran charge in the region. Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman of Saudi Arabia has compared Iran\u2019s supreme leader to Hitler and even threatened to incite violence inside of Iran. This has made him the go-to partner for the Iran hard-liners in the Trump administration. Prince Mohammed has also led a quiet d\u00e9tente between his kingdom and Israel, which, like Saudi Arabia, views Iran as an archenemy.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1ygdjhk evys1bk0\">Many countries in the region do see Iran as a foe, but some, like Egypt and Jordan, do not feel directly threatened by it and would be hesitant to risk confronting it. Smaller Gulf states, like Kuwait, Bahrain and Oman, maintain diplomatic and trade ties with Iran and would be unlikely to join in hostilities against it.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1ygdjhk evys1bk0\">Iraq, however, is dominated by Shiite Arabs and shares a long border and deep\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2004\/01\/25\/world\/struggle-for-iraq-reconstruction-iraq-s-path-hinges-words-enigmatic-cleric.html?module=inline\">cultural, religious and political ties<\/a>\u00a0with Iran.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1ygdjhk evys1bk0\">Trump administration officials have insisted to Iraqi leaders that they begin severing economic ties to Iran, and have urged Saudi Arabia and other Arab nations to help improve Iraq\u2019s economy.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1ygdjhk evys1bk0\">\u201cThere are lots of economic things we might do to assist Iraq getting back on its feet, which will permit them to be more independent, have more control, be more sovereign,\u201d Mr. Pompeo said Monday.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-o6xoe7\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-4w7y5l\">\n<p class=\"css-1ygdjhk evys1bk0\">But while the Iraqi government has taken steps to loosen itself from Iran\u2019s tight embrace, it has shown no inclination to oppose it.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1ygdjhk evys1bk0\">\u201cIraq is not a part of the American sanctions system and Iraq is not a part of the system of attacking any state,\u201d Prime Minister Adel Abdul Mahdi said in November.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1ygdjhk evys1bk0\">Mowaffak al-Rubaie, a former Iraqi national security adviser, said that Mr. Pompeo had \u201ctunnel vision\u201d when it came to the Middle East.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1ygdjhk evys1bk0\">\u201cThere are a lot of other problems than Iran, but they are obsessed with Iran,\u201d he said. \u201cIf two fish fight in the Tigris River, it is because of Iran.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1ygdjhk evys1bk0\">He said Iraq, which waged a long war against Iran in the 1980s and has fought several wars since, had no interest in joining another one.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1ygdjhk evys1bk0\">\u201cI don\u2019t want to be a victim of America versus Iran or Saudi Arabia versus Iran,\u201d he said. \u201cI don\u2019t get anything out of that.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1ygdjhk evys1bk0\">Nabil Fahmy, a former Egyptian foreign minister, said that he and many in the Arab world agreed that regional countries should play a greater role in ensuring broad stability. But it will take time for individual Arab countries to develop their own military capabilities as well as some sort of mechanism to allow different states to work together.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-o6xoe7\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-4w7y5l\">\n<p class=\"css-1ygdjhk evys1bk0\">\u201cYou build your military and political capacity gradually and you do that with your friends providing support in the meantime,\u201d he said. \u201cIn the absence of that, who will have instant capabilities or bear the paramount, singular responsibility of putting troops in harm\u2019s way and boots on the ground?\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1ygdjhk evys1bk0\">Michael Knights, a senior fellow at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, said that up to now, the United States had taken a calibrated and piecemeal approach to opposing the Iranian militias, and it should continue with that method.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1ygdjhk evys1bk0\">Iran\u2019s support of militias, he said, was \u201ca tricky model of expansion to counter.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-o6xoe7\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"bottom-of-article\">\n<div class=\"css-e25ngt\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1gybuqn\">\n<p>Edward Wong reported from Riyadh, and Ben Hubbard from Beirut, Lebanon. Falih Hassan contributed reporting from Baghdad.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"share-this\">\n                    <a href=\"http:\/\/twitter.com\/share\"\nclass=\"twitter-share-button\"\ndata-count=\"horizontal\">Tweet<\/a>\n                    <script type=\"text\/javascript\"\nsrc=\"http:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\"><\/script>\n                    <div class=\"facebook-share-button\">\n                        <iframe\nsrc=\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/plugins\/like.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fcodir.net%2F%3Fp%3D1039&amp;layout=button_count&amp;show_faces=false&amp;width=200&amp;action=like&amp;colorscheme=light&amp;height=21\"\nscrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\noverflow:hidden; width:200px; height:21px;\"\nallowTransparency=\"true\"><\/iframe>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By\u00a0Edward Wong\u00a0and\u00a0Ben Hubbard RIYADH, Saudi Arabia \u2014 In a barnstorming tour that took him to eight countries in one week, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo burned with one central message: \u201cThe need to counter the greatest threat of all in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1040,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1039","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-features","category-news-analysis"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/codir.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1039","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/codir.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/codir.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codir.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codir.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1039"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/codir.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1039\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1041,"href":"https:\/\/codir.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1039\/revisions\/1041"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codir.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1040"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/codir.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1039"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codir.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1039"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codir.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1039"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}