{"id":573,"date":"2017-08-13T22:05:05","date_gmt":"2017-08-13T21:05:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/codir.net\/?p=573"},"modified":"2017-08-13T22:05:05","modified_gmt":"2017-08-13T21:05:05","slug":"we-hate-the-headscarf-can-women-find-freedom-in-tehrans-female-only-parks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/codir.net\/?p=573","title":{"rendered":"&#8216;We hate the headscarf&#8217;: can women find freedom in Tehran&#8217;s female-only parks?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Parks exclusively for women are popping up in Iranian cities, but critics are divided over whether this is just another ploy to keep them hidden in public<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI love to take off my headscarf,\u201d says Laleh, 47, a hairdresser from Tehran. She\u2019s sitting with a group of friends around one of the many picnic tables in the Mother\u2019s Paradise, a park in the Iranian capital. She\u2019s wearing a fringed mint-green T-shirt through which you can see her bare stomach. \u201cWe can wear airy clothes here, and that\u2019s a freedom I really enjoy.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Behind her, a group of women wearing T-shirts and skinny jeans are dancing to loud pop music. One of them climbs on top of a table and sways her hips to the rhythm of the music. A group of schoolgirls wearing white headscarves stop to watch.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe hate the headscarf,\u201d says one of Laleh\u2019s friends, a retired nurse. \u201cWe are so happy to be able to go to a place where we can walk around uncovered, do sports and sunbathe.\u201d<\/p>\n<aside class=\"element element-pullquote element--supporting\">\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"pullquote-paragraph\">We can wear airy clothes here and that\u2019s a freedom I really enjoy<\/p>\n<footer><cite class=\"pullquote-cite\">Laleh<\/cite><\/footer>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/aside>\n<p>In the capital of the Islamic Republic of\u00a0<a class=\"u-underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/iran\" data-link-name=\"auto-linked-tag\" data-component=\"auto-linked-tag\">Iran<\/a>, women must abide by a strict dress code: a headscarf, long trousers and a coat that covers the hips. Those who flout the rules risk the wrath of the morality police.<\/p>\n<p>But here at Mother\u2019s Paradise park, the women \u2013 who have hung their headscarves and coats on the branches of trees nearby \u2013 aren\u2019t breaking any rules: this is one of Tehran\u2019s women-only parks, a popular new development across the country.<\/p>\n<p>The Mother\u2019s Paradise was the first to open in the capital, in 2008. Three subsequently materialised in other neighbourhoods \u2013 and then spread to other cities. In the popular tourist city of Isfahan, for example, there are now five.<\/p>\n<p>While women-only parks also exist in other Islamic countries including Pakistan, Afghanistan and Saudi Arabia to offer women recreational spots safe from sexual harassment, in Iran they have \u2013 at least ostensibly \u2013 also been set up for health reasons.<\/p>\n<p>Reza Arjmand, a sociologist at the University of Lund, Sweden, who recently published a book about the parks, says Vitamin D deficiency is a problem in Iranian cities, where women are forced to cover themselves in public and often live in apartments with small windows that don\u2019t admit much sunlight. A\u00a0<a class=\"u-underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.radiozamaneh.com\/215712\" data-link-name=\"in body link\">study in 2001<\/a>\u00a0for the ministry of health revealed an alarming growth in the number of women developing osteoporosis, which Arjmand says inspired the authorities to start building the parks.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTraditionally it wasn\u2019t considered decent for Persian women to walk around in parks,\u201d Arjmand says. \u201cAnd after the Islamic revolution of 1979 the government deemed parks for women unnecessary. But when it turned out that the next generation runs medical risks because their mothers are unhealthy, the authorities became interested.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>According to Arjmand, the parks also offer the authorities \u201ca great chance to take segregation of women and men to another level\u201d \u2013 and for this reason many Iranian women are fiercely critical of them.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThese parks are an insult and I will never go there. I refuse to be secluded in a reservation,\u201d says Roya, a feminist writer who asked for her name to be changed. \u201cIf you put women in separate parks, men and women will never learn how to interact in a normal way. This can lead to dangerous situations.\u201d<\/p>\n<aside class=\"element element-pullquote element--supporting\">\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"pullquote-paragraph\">These parks are an insult. I refuse to be secluded in a reservation<\/p>\n<footer><cite class=\"pullquote-cite\">Roya<\/cite><\/footer>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/aside>\n<p>Criticism has also come from conservative Iranians. The pro-government sociologist Ali Entezahi has stated that parks where headscarves can be removed\u00a0<a class=\"u-underline\" href=\"http:\/\/donya-e-eqtesad.com\/news\/454120\" data-link-name=\"in body link\">will only<\/a>\u00a0\u201ccause confusion\u201d among women, because they might start doubting the necessity of covering themselves up in public at all times.<\/p>\n<p>At the Mother\u2019s Paradise, women eat lunch in pavilions, some train on outdoor fitness equipment, others buy soft drinks at a kiosks or are busy with their children. There are girls in miniskirts and shorts, but some women prefer to keep their coats and scarves on. A large metal fence shuts out the outside world. Female guards in blue uniforms with white gloves and a whistle keep a keen eye on everything. It is strictly forbidden to take photographs.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"element element-rich-link element--supporting element-rich-link--upgraded\" data-component=\"rich-link\" data-link-name=\"rich-link-1 | 1\">\n<div class=\"rich-link tone-news--item \">\n<div class=\"rich-link__container\">\n<div class=\"rich-link__image-container u-responsive-ratio\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/ba7e804828ca76da24d3b7ee3af8b66758c9b99f\/0_214_3033_1820\/master\/3033.jpg?w=460&amp;q=55&amp;auto=format&amp;usm=12&amp;fit=max&amp;s=423ace70a13023f63e060a87f0fbea38\" \/><\/div>\n<div class=\"rich-link__header\">\n<h1 class=\"rich-link__title\"><a class=\"rich-link__link\">&#8216;They said girls don&#8217;t ride bikes&#8217;: Iranian women defy the cycling fatwa<\/a><\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"rich-link__read-more\">\n<div class=\"rich-link__arrow\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"rich-link__read-more-text\">Read more<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<p>And on closer inspection, the parks are not as woman-friendly as their name suggests. Though there are a few playgrounds for children, there are no changing facilities for babies, and boys above the age of five are not allowed to enter. According to Arjmand, it was initially announced that women would be involved in the development of the spaces, but in the end they were designed solely by men. \u201cWe have many great female architects and urban planners in Iran, but they haven\u2019t even been asked for their opinion.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Finding suitable locations for the parks has also been problematic, because of the risk that men could see in from a window or a balcony from a neighbouring building. As a result, many of the green spaces are situated in suburban areas, which make them difficult to reach for many women. Some are also required to close early, to prevent a confrontation between unveiled women and male gardeners who come to water the plants \u2013 meaning working women are unable to use them.<\/p>\n<p>It is a strange paradox: Iran is building parks for women \u2013 but doesn\u2019t seem to have considered the qualities that would make them uniquely attractive to them.<\/p>\n<p>Nevertheless, Arjmand does see a positive side to the development. \u201cNo matter how you look at it: a group of women will benefit from these parks. For women from religious families this is often the only possibility to spend time outside without a headscarf.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s true that these parks isolate women, but it also offers a group of them a freedom they formerly did not possess.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"share-this\">\n                    <a href=\"http:\/\/twitter.com\/share\"\nclass=\"twitter-share-button\"\ndata-count=\"horizontal\">Tweet<\/a>\n                    <script type=\"text\/javascript\"\nsrc=\"http:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\"><\/script>\n                    <div class=\"facebook-share-button\">\n                        <iframe\nsrc=\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/plugins\/like.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fcodir.net%2F%3Fp%3D573&amp;layout=button_count&amp;show_faces=false&amp;width=200&amp;action=like&amp;colorscheme=light&amp;height=21\"\nscrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\noverflow:hidden; width:200px; height:21px;\"\nallowTransparency=\"true\"><\/iframe>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Parks exclusively for women are popping up in Iranian cities, but critics are divided over whether this is just another ploy to keep them hidden in public \u201cI love to take off my headscarf,\u201d says Laleh, 47, a hairdresser from [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":574,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-573","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-features","category-news-about-women"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/codir.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/573","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/codir.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/codir.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codir.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codir.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=573"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/codir.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/573\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":575,"href":"https:\/\/codir.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/573\/revisions\/575"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codir.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/574"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/codir.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=573"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codir.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=573"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codir.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=573"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}